How to delete a file or folder in Python?

How to delete a file or folder in Python?

• os.remove() removes a file.
• os.rmdir() removes an empty directory.
• shutil.rmtree() deletes a directory and all its contents.

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Path objects from the Python 3.4+ pathlib module also expose these instance methods:

• pathlib.Path.unlink() removes a file or symbolic link.
• pathlib.Path.rmdir() removes an empty directory.

Python syntax to delete a file

import os
os.remove(/tmp/<file_name>.txt)

Or

import os
os.unlink(/tmp/<file_name>.txt)

Or

pathlib Library for Python version >= 3.4

file_to_rem = pathlib.Path(/tmp/<file_name>.txt)
file_to_rem.unlink()

Path.unlink(missing_ok=False)

Unlink method used to remove the file or the symbolik link.

If missing_ok is false (the default), FileNotFoundError is raised if the path does not exist.
If missing_ok is true, FileNotFoundError exceptions will be ignored (same behavior as the POSIX rm -f command).
Changed in version 3.8: The missing_ok parameter was added.

Best practice

1. First, check whether the file or folder exists or not then only delete that file. This can be achieved in two ways :
   a. os.path.isfile(/path/to/file)
   b. Use exception handling.

EXAMPLE for os.path.isfile

#!/usr/bin/python
import os
myfile=/tmp/foo.txt

## If file exists, delete it ##
if os.path.isfile(myfile):
    os.remove(myfile)
else:    ## Show an error ##
    print(Error: %s file not found % myfile)

Exception Handling

#!/usr/bin/python
import os

## Get input ##
myfile= raw_input(Enter file name to delete: )

## Try to delete the file ##
try:
    os.remove(myfile)
except OSError as e:  ## if failed, report it back to the user ##
    print (Error: %s - %s. % (e.filename, e.strerror))

RESPECTIVE OUTPUT

Enter file name to delete : demo.txt
Error: demo.txt - No such file or directory.

Enter file name to delete : rrr.txt
Error: rrr.txt - Operation not permitted.

Enter file name to delete : foo.txt

Python syntax to delete a folder

shutil.rmtree()

Example for shutil.rmtree()

#!/usr/bin/python
import os
import sys
import shutil

# Get directory name
mydir= raw_input(Enter directory name: )

## Try to remove tree; if failed show an error using try...except on screen
try:
    shutil.rmtree(mydir)
except OSError as e:
    print (Error: %s - %s. % (e.filename, e.strerror))

How to delete a file or folder in Python?

Use

shutil.rmtree(path[, ignore_errors[, onerror]])

(See complete documentation on shutil) and/or

os.remove

and

os.rmdir

(Complete documentation on os.)