gcc – fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory

Looks like you havent properly installed the header files and static libraries for python dev. Use your package manager to install them system-wide.

For apt (Ubuntu, Debian…):

sudo apt-get install python-dev   # for python2.x installs
sudo apt-get install python3-dev  # for python3.x installs

For yum (CentOS, RHEL…):

sudo yum install python-devel    # for python2.x installs
sudo yum install python3-devel   # for python3.x installs

For dnf (Fedora…):

sudo dnf install python2-devel  # for python2.x installs
sudo dnf install python3-devel  # for python3.x installs

For zypper (openSUSE…):

sudo zypper in python-devel   # for python2.x installs
sudo zypper in python3-devel  # for python3.x installs

For apk (Alpine…):

# This is a departure from the normal Alpine naming
# scheme, which uses py2- and py3- prefixes
sudo apk add python2-dev  # for python2.x installs
sudo apk add python3-dev  # for python3.x installs

For apt-cyg (Cygwin…):

apt-cyg install python-devel   # for python2.x installs
apt-cyg install python3-devel  # for python3.x installs

On Ubuntu, I was running Python 3 and I had to install

sudo apt-get install python3-dev

If you want to use a version of Python that is not linked to python3, install the associated python3.x-dev package. For example:

sudo apt-get install python3.5-dev

gcc – fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory

For Python 3.7 and Ubuntu in particular, I needed

`sudo apt install libpython3.7-dev`

.
I think at some point names were changed from pythonm.n-dev to this.

for Python 3.6, 3.8 through 3.10 (and counting…) similarly:

gcc – fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory